A basic home studio needs a computer, recording software (a DAW), an audio interface, a microphone with a cable and stand, and closed-back headphones. Add studio monitors and basic room treatment next, then a MIDI keyboard if you produce. Spend on the parts you hear through and the room before buying more gear.
You can make professional-sounding recordings at home with a modest setup. Buy in this order so every purchase improves your results.
1. Computer and DAW
Any reasonably modern computer can record. A DAW (digital audio workstation) is the software you record and mix in. Many audio interfaces include a light version, which is plenty to start with.
2. Audio interface
The interface connects mics and instruments to the computer. Two inputs cover most solo musicians and podcasters. Our audio interface buying guide covers inputs, preamps and latency.
3. Microphone, cable and stand
- Untreated room or podcasting: a dynamic microphone.
- Vocals and acoustic instruments in a quiet room: a condenser microphone.
- Add an XLR cable, a sturdy stand and a pop filter for vocals.
4. Headphones
Closed-back headphones are essential for recording, because they keep the click track out of the microphone. Add open-back headphones later for mixing.
5. Studio monitors
Monitors are speakers designed for an accurate sound. Place them so they form an equilateral triangle with your listening position, with tweeters at ear height and a little space from the wall. Smaller monitors often suit small rooms better than large ones.
6. Room treatment
Your room shapes everything you hear and record.
- Add soft furnishings, a rug and curtains to cut echo.
- Place absorption panels at the side-wall reflection points and behind the microphone.
- Avoid recording in the exact center of a square room.
7. MIDI keyboard (for producers)
A 25 to 49-key controller with pads lets you play virtual instruments and program drums.
Starter checklist
- Computer and DAW
- Two-input audio interface
- Microphone, XLR cable, stand, pop filter
- Closed-back headphones
- Studio monitors and isolation pads
- Basic room treatment
- MIDI keyboard (optional)
Common questions
What is the minimum gear for a home studio?
A computer, a DAW, an audio interface, one microphone with a cable and stand, and a pair of closed-back headphones.
What is a DAW?
A digital audio workstation: software for recording, editing, arranging and mixing. Many interfaces include a free light version.
Do I need acoustic treatment?
It makes a big difference, especially for vocals and mixing. Start with soft furnishings, a rug, and absorption panels at the first reflection points and behind the mic.